Pay to play? Economic constraints and participation in extracurricular activities

Abstract Research across countries shows that children from lower-income families are less likely to participate in extracurricular activities than more affluent families. While this income gradient participation is by now established, the mechanisms behind contested. I examine whether activity result of household economic constraints, using panel data methods on a nationally representative sample Swedish adolescents. Data Children Immigrants Longitudinal Study Four European (CILS4EU) allow me combine taxation register changes with survey participation. Results first-difference regression models show not generally associated participation, but weak association found between and ceasing among adolescents low-income households. The results largely cast doubt theoretical explanations emphasize constraints as substantial contributor Instead, consistent emphasizing cultural differences parenting logics parental preferences for well stressing non-economic forms resource constraints.